Pumping apparatus.



G. J. MUBDOOK. PUMPING APPARATUS nrucnxpn mum in. 1, 1000.

Patented Sept. 22,1908.

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' WITNESS-ES:

[moments I 1 ml: rum. "1.. Lmm In!!! 0. t

e. J. mmnocx. PUMPING APPARATUS. A'PPL'iOATIQI NLBD Ill. 1, 1806.

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INVENTOR WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS w W m m To all whom; it 'may concern:

motors such as steam engines enoaoa J. iu' auocn, or NEWARK, New JERSEY.

Pom-Prue arrsna'rus.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented se e. 2a. 1 a

Application filed March 1, 1906! Serial No. 303,598.

Be it known that I, Geouor: J. IRDOC-K, a citizen of the United States,-r esiding at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pumping'npparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, suchas will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the saine.

My invention relates generally to pumping apparatus operated by intermittent flow of fluid through a pipe or passage, and particularly to pumping apparatus adapted'to be operated by the exhaust from fluid pressure or gas or oil explosion engines.

The pumping apparatus herein described is particularly intended for maintaining circulation-of cooling fluid through the jackets ofinternal combustion engines, such as gasengines, but is not limited to such use. It embodies improvements upon the pumping apparatus illustrated-and described in my Patent No. 765,438, dated July 19th, 1904.

The objects of my invention are tie" increase.the efliciency of pumping apparatus operated by intermittent pulsatory fluid pres sure; to adapt such apparatus for operation by pulsations recurring with extreme frequency; to reduce to a minimum the number of valves required, and even to dispense with valves altogether; to adapt the apparatus for pumpin against relatively high heads and for ta ing water below the level of the pump; to make the apparatus efficient in operation, positive inaction; simple, free from liability to derangement, and inexpensive; and to make the apparatus simple and attractive in design and external appearance;

-I will now roceed to describe my invention with reierence to the 'accompan ing drawings, in which said embodiments o my invention are illustrated, and will then point out the .no'vel features in claims.

In the said drawings, Figure 1 shows a central vertical section of one form of my improved pumping apparatus; Fig. 2 is a similar view of an alternative form of the device havinga valve on the. discharge side as well as on the-admissionside; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the manner of connecting this pump m the circulating system ofan engine; Figs. 4 and 'bottom with a discharge opening 3.

and the latter a longitudinal section, showing the valve 5 separate from the air chamber but connected thereto by a nipple, this bei desirable whenthe air chamber is to be tilte as when the engine itself is inclined. Fi 5 shows a central vertical section of a furt er alternative valveless form of' my apparatus;-

and Fig. 6 shows the use of a dischar e check valve in connection with the pump s own in lieferring now to the drawings and at first to Fig. 1, the pumpin 'ap )aratus there shown consists of an air 0 am er 1 provided at one side with an inlet opening 2 and at the At substantially the center of the air chamber is a. downwardly projecting slightly tapered pi e 4 adapted to be connected at the top to the exhaust pipe of an en ine or other source of supply of motive fiuit. As already stated, tlus apparatus 0 crates by the action of recurring pulses o fluid under pressure, such as may be obtained from the exhaust pipe of an engine, though of course, they may be obtained from other sources.

5 designates a check valve connected to the admission port 2 and arranged to prevent return flow of water. In many cases where the head to be pumped against is small, this check valve 5 is all that the pump requires. Such is the case usually where the pump is employed for circulating cooling water through the jackets of internal combustionengines, compressors and the like. as the head to be pum ed against in such cases is t usually small. ut when pumping against a considerable head I ma provide a second check valve 6 connected to the discharge outlet 3 and arranged to prevent back flow of the water through said outlet, as shown in Fi 2. 'By means of this second check va ve I have been able to pump water against as muchas twenty-five feet of head;

the pump being operated by the exhaust of an explosion engine operating under ordinary conditio1is-i. 0., witnout excessive pressure of the exhaust impulsesp Fig. 3 shows the manner of connecting this pump to be operated by the exhaust of an explosion Qllfll'le, and to circulate cooling water throu 1 the jacket ofsuch engine. 7 designates t e cylinder of the said engine, 8 the exhaust pipe thereof. 9 the standoipe 4? are detail views, the former'an end view alwavs remains filled with air standpipe; and the suctio pump delivers: but this doesthe tapered form of the lower I arrangement of the admission passage? at an v I .Q 1 0 I austpipe with tile internal tube- 4-oi my pump,- a reservoir for coolingwater such as is commonly provided in connection with such engines, 11 the water supply pipe therefor connected to check valve 5, 12 the pipe leading from my pump to the cylinder jacket of the engine, and 13 the pipo'conveying the water from said jacket back to tank 10. While in Fig. 3 I have shown the one-valve type of pump; the twovalve type of pump shown in Fig. 2 may be substituted for the one-valve form, without. any change in the connections or piping.

The operation of the pump is as follows: 'hen the engine exhausts, a quick sharp pressure'is'exerted in the exhaust pipe and is communicated through the standpipe 9 and internal tube 4 of the pump, to the interior of the air chamber 1. Supposing as is n'ormallythe case, that the lower portion of said air chamber contains water, such water is forced violently downward through. the tapered portion 14 of chamber producing a vacuum in the upper portion 15 of the air chamber 1 lmiuediately after the pressure has ceased in the exhaust pipe 8 and standpipe 0, a slight vacuum usually exists in this n produced by the 'tion 15 of the air connecting said exh vacuum in the upper poi chamber 1, aided by the slight vacuum exist ing in the standpi'pe 9 (in case such vacuum does exist in said standpipe) causes the water to flow through pipe 11 and check valve 5 into the air chamber 1.

. 'hile I have described the operation as occurring with at least a'sinall amount of water in the lower portion of the air chamber 1, as a matter of fact the pump will start dry, even drawing water upward from as much as a foot below the level of the pump. In normal operation, and even after the engine has stopped after once being started, the waterusually fills the internal tube 4 of the erahle height in the pump and rises to a consid standpipe 9. In the onevalve form of the pump shown in Figs. 1 and 3, during the operation of the engine the water will usually rise in the standpipe to the level at which the not in any way interfere with the act'ion ot' the pump. The upper portion 15 of the air chamber 1 being without outlet at or nearthetop, said space or other vapor. arrangement of ith the efficient ith its ability in rapidlvrccuiring such for example c of a. high speed I believe the taperf l, and particularly lml'll' j li l4 llicicncy of iii. d es the I find that the shape and the parts has much to do w operation of the pump and w be'operatcd li v exceedinglv pulsations of iltllil-])l't.-. iii(. as: obtainin the exhaust pip muhi-c i'linder engine. inglorin of the chambei thereof; adds materially to the c the pump. So also in iii opinii most advantageous.

valve.

Ithejnternal tuber of'tl tinuation of the tapered portion 14 the en ine not running;

-a nu'illlcris u angle of abouttortyfive' degrees; {and this arrangementof further advant check valve 5, is subs'tantia when closed, which position Iy horizontal find to be limit my admission passage or to any partict larl l closed position of the clapper of the, checli Similarly, believe it expedientto cutaway at an angle,

1e pump, as shown in the drawings. And customarily I taper the discharge passage'Brof the pump in the man-. ner shown, so as to form substantially a cohof chamher 1..

I have found swingin check valves to be the best for this type 0? pump and I prefer: to 'so attach the valve that the clapper thereof, when in the closed position, is substantially horizontal, for the reason that I find that the valve when so arranged permits the pump to. be used with higher speed engines than when the chi er is quite oblique in its closed position. 1 lave found'the one-valve form of pump to be more eilicient as a circulating mmp for high speed engines, than the two-va lve form, 'and with this one-valve form of pump it is possible to use the pump' on very high speed engines, even those having a number of cylinders connected to the same exhaust pi c. When the speed of the engine is very .ow, em )lo v the second valve.

"ith the one-valve form of ump, the standpipe 9 must be carried up at least to the height at. which the pump is to deliver. Where this height is considerable, this is sometimes objectionable, and in such case I emplov the second valve, which prevents back flow of'watcr into the standpipe when 'hiie I do not con theory of operation ofmy pump, I believe that the effect of the communication of the pressure of each exhaust impulse in the exiaust pipe through the 'standpipe to "the chamber 1, force:- the water in said chamber violently downward through the contracted portion 1;! into theoutlet, and that suction is induced by this action, creating a partial vacuum in the upper portion 15 of chamber 1. Ob ervation has shown me that in most ge of an jexhaust impulse cases the passa thrmigh the exhaust pipe of an explosion ennnit myself to any the admission passage has a. age that thecla per 16 ofthe Q? 1 However, I do not self to any particular angle of tho the lower portion of however, I sometimes gine, is succeeded by a slight vacuum in such pipe. 'lhis vacuum in the exhaust pipe is not -('Ull i'illll it depends for its existence on the length of the exhaust pipe. upon whether s'ed or not, upon the diameter st pipe, and other conditioim. l'nder certain conditions this partial vacuum in the exhaust pipe follow an exhaust charge.

of the cxhau ing' the passage of v therethroiigh is almost. I30

-' chamber 1, followed quicklyby some-degree nothing, but I have found that my pump works as well when connected to such an exhaust pipe as when copnect-edto one in which there is a considerable vacuum following each exhaust impulse. It seems clear to me therefore, that 't 1e operation of my pump is the annular air space in the upper part-of of con'ipression of the air in said chamber as the"water rushes in throu h inlet 2; such compression being due to t e inertia of the upward rushing column of water entering the air chamber through inlet 2 at an' angle of about forty-five degrees. Such compression together with theweightof the clapper 16 of the valve 5, causes said valve to close quickly, and reaction from the (er-compression throws the water downward through the .tapered portion 14 of the air chamber. These operations recur rapidly with the recurring exhaust pulses in the exhaust pipe.

I have found that if, while the engine is running, the hand be placed over the intake v end of valve 5', a violent suction is felt immediately after the passage of each exhaust charge. This enables tlie'pump to lift water from a level considerably below the pump and even to start dry.

In the valveless form of the pump, shown vin Fig. 5, I have found it desirable to vary the proportions of the parts considerably from those of the valved formsof pumpshown in-the receding figures, though the general princi es of operation are the same. the air chain or, 1, is contracted for a considerable distance above the bottom of the internal passage, 4, and then above said contraoted portion there is'an enlarged air space The water supply pi )e, 11, communicates with a belt or annu ar space, 17, surrounding the chamber 1, and a number of relatively small openings 18 are provided to connect the interior of said belt with the interior of chamber 1. This pump operates upon the principle that when ressure' dueto t e phssageof an exhaust pu se, or the like, is exerte through" the standpipe 9 and assage 4, the relatively large discharge out et 3 offers less resistance to the sudden passage ofthe water -than do the relatively small holes 18, and therefore the greater portion of the Water passes out through outlet 3, rather than through openings 18. Immediately after the passage of the exhaust pulse, water flows in again into chamber 1, and the operation is-repeated. I have found this form of pump to work very elliciently as a circulating pump for ex )lOSlQll engines, and believe it to be especial y suitable for very high speed n ines; that is to say, I believe it to be capab e of working with higher speed engines than any or me yauved forms of pump described above, although the single-valve pump is capablc'of working with )ractically any of the engines now in use; ut the absence of valves or other moving parts is a very great advantage of the pump shown in Fig.5, insuring absolute reliability. Under special circumstances, as where the pump is to work against considerable head, I irovide a discharge check valve, 6, as indicate 1n Fig.' 6; but ordinarily this is not necessary.

It will be understood that the various forms of pumps herein described are not limited in app i'cation to use as circulat-in pumps, or to operation by the exhaust o explosion or steam engines. They may be used for the handling of various fluids, in-

eluding water or other lluid carrying considei'uble uuntities of sand or sediment. entire a isence of working parts in the pump shown in F i .5 makes it particularly suitable for ham ling strong acids or alkalies', as it may be made of chemically inactive material, or provided with a chemically inactive lining.

The. valvefess form of pump shown in Fig. 5 is claimed specifically in my Patent No. 857,477, dated June 18, 1907. In said patent I have also claimed a circulating syste whereof a pump such as shown in Figs. 1 am 5 of this case forms a part.

What I claim is 1. hi -pumpi'n apparatus such as described,'i an air chamber provided with an inlet and with an outlet, separate from said inlet, for the fluid to be pumped, in combination with a source of sup ly of pulsations of fluid under pressure, anti means connecting the same to the interior of said chamber at a point below the top thereof.

2. In pumpin apparatus such as described, an air clamber provided with an The 3 inlet and with an outlet, separate from said' inlet, for the fluid to be pumped, the chamher being contracted between said inlet and outlet, in combination with a source of supply of pulsations of fluid under pressure, and: M

meansconnectingthesame to the interior of said chamber at a point below the top thereof. 1

3. In pumpin apparatus such as described, an air .c lial'nber provided with an inlet and with an outlet, separate from said inlet, for the fluid to be pumped,-and provided furthcr'with a passage adapted for connection with as'ou'roe of supply of fluid under pressure, said-massage directed to deliver its contents para said inlet toward said out ct. .4

4. In pumping apparatus such as |l(' scribed, an air chamber provided with an inlet'aud with an outlet, separate from said r outlet, and provided further with a passageadapted for connection with a source .of sup;

ply-of fluid under pressure, said passa e rected to deliver its contents. througi the scribed, .an. air chamber provided with an contracted portion of said chamber. past the said inlet to the said outlet. v

5. In pumpmgapparatus such as d inlet and with an outlet, separate from said inlet, for the fluid to be" pumped, andfiwitli a passage directed to deliver its contents past said inlet toward said outlet, there being a I closed air space above such inlet and point of delivery.

7. In pumpin apparatus such as described, an air cianiber provided with an outlet, withan internal passage adapted for connection to a source ofsupply' of motive fluid and with an inlet, separate from said outlet, for fluid to be pumped, there being a closed air space above the mouth of said internal passage.-

8. In pumpin apparatus such as described, an air c amber provided withan outlet,'with an internal passage ada ted for connection to a source of supply 0 motive fluid and, arranged to direct its contents toward said outlet, and with an inlet, separate from said outlet, for fluid to be pumped, said.chamber being taered between said inlet and outlet, there being a closed air space aboveI the inlet. ,p l I 9. 11 um inn a ratus sue 1 as (escribed, a aiycliiimlib i' provided at one end with-an outlet and provided with an internal passage projecting from the opposite end of said chamber toward said outlet and arranged to discharge its contents in the direction of such outlet, said chamber further provided at one side with an inlet, separate from said,

outlet, for fluid to be pumped, aud ha ving a closed annular an space above said inlet and surrounding said passage.

10. In pumping apparatus such as described, an air chamber provided at one end with an outlet and provided with an internal passage projectin from the opposite end of said chamberanr directed to discharge its contents in the direction of such outlet, said chamber further provided at one side with an inlet, sc arate from said outlet, for fluid to be Dumper and having a closed annular air space above said inlet. and surrounding said passage, the chamber being tapered between said inlet and said outlet.

11 111 pumping apparatus such as derovided with an internal passage pro'ectin om such larger end towardsuch outl et am directed to discharge-its contents in the directi'on of such outlet, said chamber provided at one side with an inlet, separate from said outlet, forfluid to be pumped, ,the annular space above said inlet a'nfdsurround ng said passage constituting a closed air space.

let passage projecting from one end toward.

an outlet in the other end and directed to dis- I charge its contents in the direction of suchoutlet', said chamber further provided at one side with an inlet, separate from said outlet, for fluid to be pum ed arranged obliquely with respect to the irection of discharge of contents of said passage, the annular space above said inlet and surrounding said passage constit-uting a closed air space.

13. In pumping a paratus such as described, an air chain er rovided with an outlet and with an interna passage adapted for connection to'a source of supply of niotive fluid, and directed to discharge its con- -tents toward said outlet, an inlet, separate from said outlet, for liquid to be pumped at the side ,of said chamber, and an inwardly openin check valve for said inlet.

14. in pumping apparatus such as described, an air chamber rovided with an outlet and with an intcrna passage adapted for connection to a source of supply of motive fluid, and directed to discharge its contents toward said outlet, an inlet, separate from said outlet, for liquid to be pumped at the side of said chamber, and an'inwardly' o ening swinging check valve for said inlet, t 1e clapper of said. valve substantially horizontal 1n the closed position. I

15. In pumping apparatus such as described, an air chamber )rovided with an outlet and with an interim passage adapted for connection to a source of supply of motive fluid and "directed to discharge its contents towards said outlet, said chamber provided at one side with an inlet openin arranged obliquely with respect to such r ircc-- tion of discharge, in combination with an inwardly opening swinging check valve for said inlet, the clapper of said valve being substantially horizontal in its closed position.

16. In pumping apparatus such as described, an air-chamber provided with an inlet opening and with an outlet opcning,"and with an internal passage adapted for connection to a source of supply of motive lluid and directed to discharge'its contents toward said outlet and past said-inlet, said passage cut away obliquely opposite said inlet.

17. In pumping apparatus such as described, an air chamber having an inletand an outlet, the portion of said chamber be- :serihedfan air chamber tapering from oneend toward an outlet at the other end and 12. In pumping apparatus such as deadapted fqr connectionto a source 0 suppT'y tween said inlt ajzd outlet tapered,- said In testimony whereof I affix my signature, chamber further having an internal ass-a e in the presence of two witnesses;

v of moti ve fluid and projecting into the said GEORGE ML RDOCK 5 contracted portion of said chamber, said Witnesses: pBssage'cut.-awa;y obliquelv'opposita inlet MAY I. TBIMBLE, opening. H. M. MARBLE. 

